Ko e Vahaʻataimi ʻi he Ngata ʻa e Fuakava Motuʻá mo e Kamata ʻa e Fuakava Foʻoú

Naʻe ʻohofi ʻe he kau tau ʻa Pāpiloné ʻa Selusalema ʻi he 597 pea mo e 587 BC, ʻo fetuku pōpula ʻa e kau Siu tuʻukimuʻá ki Pāpilone. Naʻa nau ʻave ʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e ngaahi fāmili ʻo e kau taulaʻeikí mo e houʻeikí, kau ʻātí, kau tufungá, mo e kau tangata mālohi ʻi he taú. Naʻe ʻikai ke ʻave ʻa e kau ngāue ʻi he ngoueʻangá mo kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi tūkui kolo mei he feituʻu ki ʻutá.

Naʻe ngāue lahi ʻa e kakai naʻe taki pōpulá ke kei pukepuke ʻenau tui fakalotú mo honau anga fakafonuá neongo hono tākiekina kinautolu ʻe he anga fakafonua ʻo Pāpiloné. Naʻa nau ohi mai ʻa e tohi māhina ʻa Pāpiloné, pea fetongi ʻe he lea faka-Alameá ʻa e lea faka-Hepeluú ʻi heʻenau lea fakaʻahó. Naʻe fakatahataha mai ʻa e kakai naʻe taki pōpulá ki ha ngaahi haʻofanga lotu fakalotofonua ʻi he fakaʻau ke mafola lahi ange ʻa e moihū ʻi he falelotu lahi faka-Siú.

Fakafuofua ki he 538 BC, naʻe ikunaʻi ʻe Sailosi ko e Tuʻi ʻo Peasiá ʻa Pāpilone. Naʻá ne fakaʻatā ʻa e kakai Siú ke nau foki ki honau fonua tupuʻangá ʻo toe langa ʻa e temipalé. Ka naʻe fili ha kakai tokolahi ke nofo pē ʻi Pāpilone. Hili ha meimei senituli ʻe taha mei he tuʻutuʻuni fakapuleʻanga ʻa Sailosí, naʻe fononga ha tangata tohi mo ha taulaʻeiki ko hono hingoá ko ʻĒsela mo ha kulupu ʻo ha kakai naʻe ʻave pōpula ki Selusalema. Naʻá ne akoʻi fakataha mo Nehemaia ʻa e kakaí ke nau talangofua kakato ki he fono ʻa Mōsesé. Naʻe tokoni ʻa ʻĒsela ke kamataʻi ha kuonga foʻou ʻo fakamamafaʻi ai hono lau tauʻatāina ʻo e folofolá.

Naʻe fokotuʻu ha kulupu foʻou ʻo ha kau tangata tohi ʻo nau hoko ko ha kau faiako tuʻukimuʻa ʻo e fonó, pea naʻa nau muimui pē ki he sīpinga ʻa ʻĒselá. Ko e kau tangata tohí ko ha kakai ako pea ko ʻenau maʻuʻanga moʻuí ko hono tauhi ʻa e lekōtí mo hiki tatau ʻa e ngaahi folofolá. Naʻa nau ako faivelenga ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakalotú ke mahino honau ʻuhingá mo ʻilo ha ngaahi fehālaaki fakatohi. Naʻa nau toe foaki atu ha ngaahi tatau ʻo e folofolá ʻi he kamata ke lahi mai ʻa e ngaahi falelotu lahí. Naʻe kamata ke taukei ʻa e kau kau tangata tohí ʻi hono fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻa e fono ʻa Mōsesé.

Ko e foʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ki he ʻalu ke toe mālohi ange ʻa e kau tangata tohí ko e liliu ko ia ʻa e tefitoʻi lea fakafonua ʻa e kakaí mei he lea faka-Hepeluú ki he faka-Alameá. Neongo naʻe meimei faitatau pē ʻa e ongo leá ka naʻe ʻi ai pē hono kiʻi kehekehe pea ko e kau Siu ko ia naʻa nau poto pē ʻi he lea faka-ʻAlameá, naʻe faingataʻa ke mahino kiate kinautolu ʻa e folofolá ʻi he lea faka-Hepeluú. Ko ia naʻe pau ke fakafalala ʻa e kakaí ki he kau tangata tohí ke nau lau, fakaʻuhingaʻi, mo fakamatalaʻi ia kiate kinautolu.

ʻOku ʻikai ke fai ha ofo ʻi hono fakaʻuhingaʻi kehekehe ʻe ha ngaahi kulupu kehekehe ʻa e folofolá. Naʻe ʻalu ke lahi ange ʻa e māvahevahé mo e fetōkehekeheʻaki ʻa e sosaieti ʻo e kau Siú koeʻuhí he naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha kau palōfita ke tataki kinautolu. Naʻe ʻikai ke toe mahino ʻa e ʻuhinga totonu ʻo e fono ʻa Mōsesé, pea pehē pē foki ki he mahino totonu ʻo e hāʻele mai ʻa e Mīsaiá.

Naʻe hoko ʻa e kau Kalisí ko e pule foʻou ia ki he māmaní ʻi he senituli hono fā BC. Naʻe taki mai ʻe ʻAlekisānita ko e Lahí ʻene kau taú ʻo nau ikunaʻi ʻa e ʻEmipaea ʻo Peasiá. Naʻe vave ʻene aʻu atu mei ai ki he Hahake Lotolotó, ʻo kapa kotoa ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga naʻe fou atu aí, ʻo kau ai ʻa Siutea.

ʻI he vahaʻataimi ko ia ʻo e ngaahi ikuna ʻa ʻAlekisānitaá, naʻe haʻu fakataha ai pē mo e kau koloniá, kau fefakatauʻaki koloá, kau tangata nimameaʻá, mo ha kau ngāue mei Kalisi. Naʻe feinga ʻa ʻAlekisānita ke fakatahatahaʻi hono ʻemipaeá ʻaki hono fakamafola atu ʻa e anga fakafonuá mo e lea faka-Kalisí. Naʻe tupulaki ʻa e ngaahi laipeli faka-Kalisí, fale vaʻingá, ngaahi ʻapiako fakafilōsofeá mo hono akoʻi ʻo e lea fakafonuá, fale faiʻanga faivá, mo e ngaahi fakatahaʻanga alēlea fakakoló ʻi he ngaahi tukui kolo kotoa ʻo e ʻemipaeá. ʻOku faʻa ui ʻa e mafola ko ʻeni ʻo e anga faka faka-Kalisí ko hono akoʻi ʻo e anga fakafonua motuʻa ʻo Kalisí (Helenism).

Naʻe loto-fiemālie pē ha kau Siu ʻe niʻhi ke nau ohi mai ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga moʻui ʻa Kalisí. Naʻe momou ha niʻihi pea nau tui kapau te nau fai ʻa e meʻa ko iá ʻe matavaivai honau tuʻunga totonu ko e kakai Siú. ʻI he taimi ko ʻení, naʻe mavahe atu ha kau Siu tokolahi mei Siutea ʻo nofo ʻi he ngaahi kolo kehe ʻo Kalisí, ʻo toe mafola lahi atu ange ai ʻa e kau Siú. Naʻe tokoni kimui ange ʻa e ngaahi tūkui koló mo e ngaahi falelotu lahi ʻo e kau Siú ʻi hono kotoa ʻo e ʻotu Meteleniané ki he mafola lahi atu ʻa e tui faka-Kalisitiané.

Naʻe iku ʻa e mafola ʻa e angafakafonua ʻo Kalisí ki hano liliu foʻou ʻo e ngaahi folofola Hepeluú ki he lea faka-Kalisí. Ko e fuofua liliu faka-Kalisi ʻoku kei tauhi maí ko e Sepituasinití (Septuagint) ʻa ia naʻe fai ʻi ʻAlekisenitulia, ʻIsipite. Naʻe hoko ʻa e liliu ko ʻení ko e folofola ia naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi lahi taha ʻe he kau Kalisitiane ʻi he kuonga muʻá ki hono fakamafola atu ʻo e ongoongoleleí ki he ngaahi fonua kehe mei Palesitainé.

Hili e pekia ʻa ʻAlekisānita ko e Lahí, naʻe vahevahe hono ʻemipaeá ʻe heʻene kau ʻeikitaú. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe Selekusi ko e taha ʻo ʻene kau ʻeikitaú ha ʻemipaea pē ʻoʻona. Naʻe aʻu ki ha taimi, naʻe puleʻi mai ʻe he kau taki Seleusití ʻa Palesitaine. ʻI he 167 BC, naʻe feinga ha taha ʻo e kau taki ko ʻení ke ne fakamālohiʻi ʻa e anga fakafonua faka-Kalisí mo e tui fakalotú ʻi he kau Siú. Naʻa nau fakaʻauha ʻa e temipale ʻi Selusalemá. Naʻa nau feilaulauʻi ha fanga puaka ʻi he ʻōlita ʻo e temipalé, ʻa ia naʻe lau ʻi he fono ʻa Mōsesé, ʻoku taʻemaʻá. Naʻe tapui ʻa e kau Siú mei hono tauhi ʻo e sāpaté, ngaahi fakafiefiá, mo hono fai ʻo e kamú.

Naʻe hanga ʻe he ngaahi tōʻonga mo e fakangatangata ko ʻení ʻo fakaʻitaʻi e kau Siú. Ko hono olá, naʻe taki ʻe ha taulaʻeiki ko Mataiasi mo hono ngaahi foha ʻe toko nimá ha fakafepaki angatuʻu. Naʻe faifai pea hoko hono foha ko Siutasí ko e taki ʻo e kau angatuʻú. Naʻe foaki kiate ia ʻa e hingoa ko e Makapeó, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhingá ko e “hāmalá.”

Naʻe toe kapa ʻe he kau tau ʻa Makapeó ʻa Selusalema pea toe fakatapui ʻa e temipalé. ʻOku fakamanatua ʻe he Kātoanga ʻo e Fakatapuí (Hanukkah) ʻa e meʻa mahuʻinga ko ʻení. Naʻe faifai pea ola lelei hono fokotuʻu ʻe he kau taki ʻo e kau tau Makapeó ha puleʻanga tauʻatāina maʻá e kau Siú ʻa ia ko ʻene toki fuofua hoko ia ha meʻa pehē hili ha taʻu ʻe 400 tupu. Naʻe hoko leva ʻa Saimone ko e foha ʻo Mataiasí ko ha taulaʻeiki lahi mo ha kōvana ʻo Siutea, pea fokotuʻu ai ʻa e haʻa tuʻi Hasimoní.

Naʻe takimuʻa mai ha ongo kulupu ʻo e kau Siú ʻi he senituli hono uá BC: ʻa ia ko e kau Fālesí mo e kau Sātusí.

Ko e kau Fālesí ko ha kulupu ia ʻo ha kau Siu mamahiʻi lotu ʻa ia ʻe lava pē ke ʻuhinga hono hingoá ko e “fakamavaheʻi.” ʻE lava pē ke fakafekauʻaki ʻeni mo ʻenau fakafepakiʻi ʻa e pule ʻa e haʻa tuʻi Hasimoní. ʻE toe lava pē foki ʻo fakaʻuhingaʻi ia ki heʻenau feinga ke fakamavaheʻi kinautolu mei he kau senitaile taʻemaʻá. Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe he kau Fālesí te nau muimui pau ki he fono ʻa Mōsesé, ko hono fakafepakiʻi ia ʻo e ivi tākiekina ʻo Kalisí. Naʻe hanga ʻe heʻenau tuiaki ke maʻa ʻa e ngaahi ouaú ʻo nau fakahalaiaʻi ai ha faʻahinga taha pē ʻoku ʻikai ke talangofua ki heʻenau laó mo e tukufakaholó. Ko hono fakalūkufuá, naʻe fakafepaki lahi ʻa e kau Fālesí kia Sīsū Kalaisi.

Makehe mei he fono ʻa Mōsesé, naʻe kei pukepuke ʻe he kau Fālesí ʻa e fono naʻe ʻikai ke tohi, pe tukufakaholó. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe he fono naʻe ʻikai ke tohí ʻa e founga ki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e fono ʻa Mōsesé. Naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni mo e ngaahi fakamatala ki he anga hono moʻui ʻaki ʻa e fono ʻa e ʻOtuá. Naʻe tala ʻe he kau Fālesí ko e ngaahi lao mo e ngaahi akonaki ko ʻení naʻe ʻohifo ia meia Mōsese kia Sōsiua, pea naʻá ne ʻoange ia ki he kaumātuʻa ʻo ʻIsilelí, ʻo nau toki tuku hifo ia ki he kau palōfitá. Naʻe tui ʻa e kau Fālesí naʻe tatau pē ʻa e mafai ʻo e fono tukufakaholo ko ʻeni naʻe ʻikai ke tohí mo e folofola kuo tohí. Naʻe faʻa hanga ʻe heʻenau ngaahi akonakí ʻo tukuhifo ʻa e tui fakalotú ki ha ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni pau ke muimui ki ai. Naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi taimi naʻe faʻa fepakipaki ai ʻa Sīsū mo e kau Fālesí ʻi he fono naʻe ʻikai ke tohí pe “tukufakaholo ʻa e kaumātuʻá.”

Naʻe tui ʻa e kau Fālesí ki he moʻui hili ʻa e maté, kau ʻāngeló mo e ngaahi laumālié, ko ha toetuʻu fakataautaha, mo ha fakamaau aofangatuku.

Neongo naʻe meimei ke haʻu e kau Fālesí mei he kakai angamahení, ka naʻe haʻu ʻa e kau Sātusí ia mei he kalasi māʻolunga ʻo e sosaietí. Naʻa nau fakafofongaʻi ʻa e kalasi tuʻumālie ʻa ia naʻa nau tali lelei ʻa e anga fakafonua faka-Kalisí. Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo ʻenau kulupu lotú ko e kau taulaʻeiki naʻe ngāue ʻi he temipalé.

ʻOku ʻikai ke fakapapauʻi honau tupuʻangá. ʻOku tui ʻa e kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi ʻoku maʻu ʻa e foʻi lea ko e Sātusí mei ha foʻi lea ʻoku ʻuhinga ko e “māʻoniʻoni.” Ko ia ai, ʻe lava ke ʻuhinga ʻa e hingoá ki ha “tokotaha māʻoniʻoni.” Ka ʻoku tui ha kau ako mataotao kehe ia naʻe maʻu ʻa e foʻi lea Sātusí mei he hingoa ko e Sātokí, ko e taulaʻeiki lahi ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho ʻo e Tuʻi ko Tēvitá mo e Tuʻi ko Solomoné. Mahalo naʻe hanga ʻe he kau Sātusí ʻo fakafehokotaki kinautolu ki he fāmili ʻo Sātokí ke poupouʻi ʻenau tala ʻoku nau maʻu ha mālohi mo ha mafai ki he temipalé.

Naʻe tui pē ʻa e kau Sātusí ia ki he fono kuo tohí ʻo hangē ko ia ʻoku ʻi he Tolá [Torah] (ko e ʻuluaki tohi ʻe nima ʻo e Fuakava Motuʻá). Naʻa nau fakafisingaʻi ʻa e tui ki he kau ʻāngeló mo e ngaahi laumālié, ko e Toetuʻú, mo e moʻui hili ʻa e maté. Naʻa nau fakamamafaʻi ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaahi ouau mo e ngaahi feilaulau ʻi he temipalé ki hono tauhi ha vā fetuʻutaki mo e ʻOtuá. Naʻa nau fakafepakiʻi ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi Heʻene fakamaʻa ʻa e temipalé, ʻa ia naʻa nau sio ki ai ko hano fakafepakiʻi ia honau mafaí.

Naʻe ʻikai ke fuʻu fuoloa ʻa e tauʻatāina ʻa e kau Siú. ʻI he hoko fakafokifā ʻa e tau fakalotofonua ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau Siu ʻi Siutea naʻa nau feʻauʻauhi ki he mafai pulé, naʻe hū mai ʻa e kau Lomá ʻo kau ai. Naʻe kapa ʻe he ʻeikitau Loma ko Pomupeí ʻa Selusalema ʻi he 63 BC, pea kuo toe kapa leva ʻa e fonua ko Siuteá. Naʻe faifai pea fokotuʻu ʻe Loma ʻa Hēlota ko e Lahí ke ne puleʻi ʻa Siutea.

Naʻe fiemālie ʻa e kau Lomá ʻia Hēlota koeʻuhí he naʻá ne lava ʻo fakamelino ha vahefonua naʻe faʻa hoko ai ha palopalema. Naʻe lava ʻa Hēlota ʻo hoko ko ha pule lelei. Naʻá ne fakalahi mo fakamālohia ʻa e ngaahi kauʻāfonua ʻo Siuteá. ʻI heʻene tokoní mo e ivi takiekiná, naʻe lava ke maʻu ai ʻe he kau Siú ha tauʻatāina ke lotu ʻi ha faʻahinga feituʻu pē ʻi he ʻEmipaea Lomá. Naʻe toe fakaleleiʻi foki mo fakalahi ʻe Hēlota ʻa e temipale ʻi Selusalemá, ʻa ia naʻe ʻiloa kimui ko e temipale ʻo Hēlotá.

Naʻe toe ʻiloa foki ʻa Hēlota ʻi heʻene anga-fītaʻá. Naʻá ne fakamelemoʻi ʻa e taulaʻeiki lahí ʻa ia ko e tuongaʻane hono uaifí, koeʻuhí ka ne lava ʻe ia ʻo toe fokotuʻu ha taulaʻeiki lahi foʻou. Naʻá ne fakafepakiʻi fefeka mo fakamamahiʻi ha faʻahinga taha pē ʻoku ngalingali te ne faʻufaʻu ke liukavaʻi ia. ʻI heʻene huʻuhuʻú, naʻá ne fekauʻi ke tamateʻi hono uaifi ko Meleané. Kimui ange aí, naʻá ne tuʻutuʻuni ke fakapoongi foki mo hona ongo fohá. ʻI heʻene manavahē ki he ongoongo ʻo hono ʻaloʻi ʻo e Mīsaiá, naʻá ne tuʻutuʻuni ke tamateʻi ʻa e fānau taʻu ua mo siʻi ange ʻi Pētelihemá.

Hili ʻa e pekia ʻa Hēlota ʻi he 4 BC, naʻe vahevahe hono puleʻangá ʻi hono ngaahi foha ʻe toko tolú. Naʻe puleʻi ʻe ha taha ʻo kinautolu, ʻa ia ko Hēlota ʻAnitipasi ʻa Kāleli. Ko e Hēlota ia naʻe lahi taha ʻa e toutou talanoa ki ai lolotonga ʻa e taimi ʻo e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí.

Naʻe hanga ʻe he kau Lomá ʻo tukuange ʻa e foha ʻo Hēlota ko ʻAsilasí mei heʻene pule ʻi Siuteá koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi fepakipaki ʻi aí. Naʻe kamata ʻi he AD 6 ʻa hono fokotuʻu ʻe Loma ha kau kōvana ki he vahefonua ʻo Siuteá. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa Ponitiusi Pailato ko ha kōvana ʻi he AD 26.

Naʻe saiʻia ha kulupu ʻo e kau Siú ki he pule ʻa Hēlota ʻAnitipasí pea naʻa nau tapou ki he kakaí ke poupouʻi ia. Ko hono ʻuhinga ia naʻe ui ai kinautolu ko e kau Helotianí. Naʻa nau faʻa kau fakataha mo e kau Fālesí ke fakafepakiʻi ʻa Sīsū koeʻuhí he naʻa nau pehē ʻokú Ne tuʻu fakatuʻutāmaki ki heʻenau ngaahi taumuʻa fakapolitikalé.

Naʻe kehekehe e anga e vakai ʻa e kau Helotianí mei he kau Seilotí. Naʻe fakafepakiʻi ʻe he kau Seilotí e pule ʻa Lomá ʻo nau fakaʻamu ke tauʻatāina e kau Siú. Naʻe pehē ʻe he kau Seilotí ʻoku lelei pē ʻa e fetāʻakí ʻi hono feinga ke liua ʻa Lomá. Hili ʻa e pekia ʻa Sīsuú, naʻe takimuʻa ʻa e kau Seilotí ʻi he feinga ke liukavaʻi ʻa Lomá ʻo iku ai ki hono fakaʻauha ʻo Selusalema ʻi he AD 70.

• S. Kent Brown mo Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, “Ko e Taʻu ʻe 500 ne Molé: Meia Malakai kia Sione Papitaiso,” Liahona, Tīsema 2014, 56–60