Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Helemuti Hupinā

Helemuti Hupinā

Ko Helemuti Kanitā Hupinaá (1925–42), ko ha mēmipa ia ʻo e Siasí ʻi Hamipoki, Siamane, ko e tokotaha siʻisiʻi taha ia ʻi he fakafepaki ʻa Siamane ki he kau Nasisí ʻa ia naʻe fakapoongi ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e Fakamaauʻanga Makehe ʻa e Kakaí (Volksgerichtshof) ʻi Pēliní. Naʻe kamata ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1941, ʻa hono faʻu ʻe Hupinā ha fanga kiʻi fakamatala hohoko ʻi ha laʻipepa tufa ke fakafepaki ki he kau Nasí ʻa ia ne kau ai haʻane ngaahi fakamatala fakapolitikale mo ha ngaahi tatau ʻo e ngaahi fakamafola fakaletiō ʻa honau Faʻahi Tokoní. ʻI he tokoni ʻa e toʻu tupu kehé, naʻá ne tufaki ai ha fanga kiʻi laʻipepa ki he kotoa ʻo Hamipokí. ʻI Fēpueli ʻo e 1942, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he Fakamaauʻangá ʻoku halaia ʻa Hupinā ʻi he “faʻufaʻu ke fakahoko ha talisone fakatuʻutāmaki mo ha poupou ki he filí” pea naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ai ke fakapoongi ia; naʻe toe fakahalaiaʻi foki ʻe he fakamaauʻangá ʻa hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ko Lutolofi Uopi, Kali-Haini Sinipei, mo hono kaungā-ngāue ko Keahati Tiueá ko e “fanongo ki ha kautaha letiō muli mo hono tufaki e ngaahi ongoongo ʻo e letiō mulí.” Naʻe fakapoongi ʻa Hupinā hili ha māhina ʻe valu mei hono taʻu 17. Naʻe tauteaʻi ʻa Uopi, Sinipei, mo Tiuea ke nau ngāue pōpula mamafa ʻi ha ngaahi ʻapitanga pōpula ʻi Siamane.

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Hupinā ʻi Hamipoki ʻi he 1925. Naʻe ngāue ʻa ʻene faʻē taautaha ko ʻEma Kutati Kunikelí ke tokoniʻi ʻa Helemuti pea mo hono ongo taʻokete naʻa nau faʻē tahá, ko Hanisi mo Keahati. Ko hono olá, naʻe lahi ange e nofo ʻa Helemuti mo hono ongo taʻoketé ʻi heʻenau kei talavoú mo ʻenau kui fefine ko Uilimina Satiloú, ʻa ia ne nofo ofi atu pē. ʻI he 1939, naʻe mali ʻa ʻEma mo Huiko Hupinā, ko ha tokotaha ngāue langa mo ha mēmipa ʻo e Paati ʻa e kau Nasí, ʻa ia naʻá ne pusiakiʻi kimui ange ʻa Helemuti.

Hangē ko honau ngaahi kaungāʻapí, naʻe ʻuluaki vakai e Kāingalotu Siamané ki he ngaahi talaʻofa ʻa e Paati Nasí ke fakafoʻou e tuʻunga pau fakaʻekonōmiká mo fakalahi e ongoʻi polepole fakafonuá, ʻi he ʻamanaki lelei. Naʻe kau atu ha kāingalotu ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí ki he pātí kae fakafepakiʻi fefeka ʻe ha niʻihi ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu ke pulé. Ka naʻe ʻi ai pē mo ha niʻihi ne ʻikai ke nau kau ki ha tafaʻaki. Naʻe mamata tonu ʻa Helemuti Hupinā ki he faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e kau atu ki he pātí. Naʻe hoko ʻene palesiteni fakakolo ko ʻAfa Sanitaá ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Paati Nasí, pea naʻá ne feinga ke fakamālohiʻi e kāingalotu ʻo e koló ke nau fanongo ki he ngaahi fakamafola fakaletiō ʻa e pātí, fakamanamana ke lipooti e kāingalotu ʻoku kau ki ha ngaahi ʻekitivitī fakafepaki ki he puleʻangá, pea ʻi he 1938, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ha fakaʻilonga ʻi he matapā ʻo e falelotú ne fakahā ai ʻoku ʻikai talitali lelei e kakai Siú. Naʻe ʻi ai ha kāingalotu tokosiʻi ne nau tui honau teunga fakakautaú mo e teunga ngāue fakapuleʻangá ki he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻa e Siasí. Kae lolotonga iá, naʻe malangaʻi ʻe ʻOto Pēnati, ko e palesiteni fakavahefonua ʻo Hamipokí, ʻo fakafepakiʻi mei he tuʻunga malangá ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e puleʻangá. Neongo naʻe ʻikai ke ne tali e ngaahi fakamafola he letioó, ka naʻá ne poupouʻi fakataautaha ʻa e fakafepaki ʻa e mēmipá, pea naʻá ne faʻa ngāue fakaetauhi ki ha kau papi ului Siu. Neongo naʻe ʻuluaki kau ʻa Hupinā ʻi he Jungvolk fakalotofonuá (ko e kulupu naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he kau Nasí maʻá e fānau) mo e toʻu tupu Hitilaá, ka naʻe aʻu pē ʻo ne fakafīsingaʻi e fakakaukau ʻa e pātí.

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1941, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Hupinā ha kiʻi letiō ʻa hono tokoua ko Keahatí pea naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ia ke fanongo ki he ngaahi fakamafola ongoongo he poʻulí mei he Kautaha Fakamafolalea ʻa Pilitāniá (BBC)—ko ha hia ia ʻi he malumalu ʻo e lao ʻa e kau Nasí. Naʻe faʻa kau fakataha mo ia ha ongo kaungāmeʻa mei he lotú ko Kali-Haini Sinipei mo Lutolofi (Luti) Uopi. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo kamata ke faʻu ʻe Hupinā ha ʻū laʻipepa tufa ke fakafepaki ki he kau Nasí ʻa ia ne ʻasi ai ha fakamatala mei he ngaahi fakamafolá fakataha mo ha ngaahi fakamatala pē ʻaʻana. Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Hupinā ha pepa kāponi mo ha ongo mīsini taipe naʻe kole mei he kolo [ʻo e Siasí], peá ne ʻai ha tatau ʻo e ʻū laʻipepa ko ʻení, ʻa ia naʻá ne hanga mo Sinipei mo Uopi ʻo fakapipiki ki he papa fanongonongo ʻa e kau Nasí, tufaki he ʻū veʻehala femoʻuekiná, pea mono ki he ʻū puha meilí. Naʻe feinga ʻa Hupinā ka naʻe ʻikai ola lelei, ke uki ha ngaahi maheni taʻu hongofulu tupu kehe ke tokoni. ʻI ha māhina ʻe valu, kuo paaki ai ʻe Hupinā ha ʻū laʻipepa tufa kehekehe ke poleʻi ʻaki ʻa e pātí mo fakakikihi ʻaki ʻa e fakamatala fakaʻofisiale ʻo e taú. Naʻá ne fakaangaʻi fakahangatonu foki ha kau fakafofonga ʻo e pātí. Naʻe tohi ʻe Hupinā ʻi ha laʻipepa ʻe taha ʻo pehē, ʻE “ʻave kimoutolu [ʻe he Takí] ʻo tautau toko lauiafe ki he afí kae lava ke fakaʻosi e hia naʻá ne kamataʻí. ʻE lauiafe ʻa homou ngaahi uaifi mo e fānau te nau hoko ko e kau uitou mo e fānau paea. Pea ʻe iku noa pē!”

ʻI Fēpueli ʻo e 1942, naʻe puke pōpula ʻe he kau fakafofonga Polisi Fakapulipulí ʻa Hupinā, Uopi, Sinipei, mo Tiuea ʻo fakaʻilo ki ha ngaahi hia kehekehe ʻi he malumalu ʻo e lao ʻa e kau Nasí, kau ai ʻa e “alēlea ki ha talisone fakatuʻutāmakí.” ʻI he ʻaho 11 ʻo ʻAokosí, lolotonga ha hopo naʻe laka hake he houa ʻe hivá, naʻe fakamāuʻi ai ʻa e toko faá ʻe ha mēmipa ʻe toko tolu ʻo e Fakamaauʻanga Makehe ʻa e Kakaí ʻi Pēliní. Naʻe halaia kotoa ʻa e toko faá. Naʻe tautea mate ʻa Hupinā, kae tauteaʻi ʻa Uopi, Sinipei mo Tiuea ke nau ngāue pōpula ʻi he ngaahi ʻapitanga ngāué ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 4 ki he 10 . Naʻe tamateʻi ʻa Hupinā ʻaki e tuʻusi hono ʻulú ʻi he ʻaho 27 ʻo ʻOkatopa 1942.

Holisi Fakamanatu Gedenkstätte Plötzensee

Holisi Fakamanatu Gedenkstätte Plötzensee ʻi Pēlini, Siamané, ʻa ia naʻe tamateʻi ai ʻa Hupinaá.

Hili ha taimi nounou mei hono puke pōpula ʻo Hupinaá, naʻe tohi ʻe he palesiteni fakakolo ko ʻAfa Sānitaá ʻa e “tuʻusi mei he Siasí” ʻi he lekooti mēmipasipi ʻo Helemutí. Ka naʻe ʻikai loto ʻa e palesiteni fakavahefonua ko ʻOto Pēnatí ke kaungā-fakamoʻoni hingoa ki ai. Naʻe fakahoko ʻe ʻAnitoni Haki, ko ha mēmipa ʻo e kau palesitenisī ʻo e Misiona ʻIulopé, ʻa e fakamoʻoni hingoa hono uá. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha kau taki ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí kimui ange naʻa nau fakataumuʻá ke fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa e Siasí meia Hupinā ke maluʻi e Kāingalotú mei hono ʻitengia ʻe he kau ʻōfisa Nasí. Hili e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II, naʻe toe fulihi ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ke tuʻusi ʻa Hupinā, pea ʻi he 1948, naʻe fakahoko fakafofonga ʻa e ngaahi ouau fakatemipalé kia Hupinā.

ʻI he ngaahi taʻu lahi hili e Tau Lahi Hono II ʻa Māmaní, kuo fakamanatua ʻa Helemuti Hupinā ʻi heʻene fakafepaki ki he Nasí. Kuo fokotuʻu ha ngaahi fakaʻaliʻali ko e fakamanatua ʻi he ʻapiako ako ngāue ʻi Hamipokí, ʻi he Fakamanatu ki he Fakafepaki ʻa Siamané ʻi Pēlini, pea mo e ʻApi Pōpula Polotisenisií, ʻa ia naʻe tautea fakapoongi ai ʻa Hupinaá. Makehe mei aí, naʻe fakahingoa ha senitā ki he toʻu tupú, ʻapiako, pea mo ha ongo hala ʻe ua ʻi Hamipoki, ki hono hingoá. Talu mei he 1940 tupú, mo hono fakahoko ʻe he ngaahi kulupu fakapolitikalé, fakasōsialé, mo fakalotú ha ngaahi kātoanga kehekehe ʻi he ʻaho 8 ʻo Sānualí (ko hono ʻaho fāʻeleʻí) mo e ʻaho 27 ʻo ʻOkatopá (ko e ʻaho naʻe tautea fakapoongi aí) ko ha fakamanatu ʻene loto-toʻá. ʻI he ʻaho 8 ʻo Sānuali, 2020, naʻe fakahingoa ha ʻapiako ʻi ha senitā ʻoku tauhi ai ʻa e kau faihia kei iikí, ʻoku ofi ki he Pilīsone Pōlotisenisií, ko ha fakalangilangiʻi ʻo Hupinā. Ko hono aofangatukú, mahalo naʻe maʻu e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa Hupinaá ʻi ha tohi naʻá ne ʻoange lolotonga hono ngaahi mōmeniti fakaʻosí ko ha fakamanatu lelei taha ʻo ʻene loto-fakapapaú mo e ʻamanaki lelei tuʻuloá: “ʻOku ou fakamālō ki heʻeku Tamai Hēvaní he efiafí ni ʻi he fakaʻosinga ʻo e moʻui fakamamahí ni. Kuo ʻikai ke u toe lava ʻo matuʻuaki ia! ʻOku ʻafioʻi ʻe heʻeku Tamai Hēvaní kuo ʻikai ke u fai ha meʻa hala. … ʻOku ou ʻilo ʻoku moʻui ʻa e ʻOtuá, pea te Ne hoko ko e fakamaau totonu ki he meʻá ni. Kae ʻoua kuo tau toe fakataha fiefia ʻi he māmani lelei ange ko iá!”

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Germany [Siamane], Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

  1. Erin Blakemore, “Meet the Youngest Person Executed for Defying the Nazis,” History Stories, Aug. 31, 2018, https://www.history.com/news/meet-the-youngest-person-executed-for-defying-the-nazis. Naʻe pulusi ʻe Rudi Wobbe mo Karl-Heinz Schnibbe ha ʻū tohi manatumelie ki heʻena ngaahi aʻusia ʻi heʻenau fakafepakiʻi ʻa e kau Nasí fakataha mo Hübener; vakai, Rudi Wobbe mo Jerry Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 1992), toe pulusi ko e Three against Hitler (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 1992); Karl-Heinz Schnibbe, Alan F. Keele, mo Douglas F. Tobler, The Price: The True Story of a Mormon Who Defied Hitler (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1984). Kuo taʻefaʻalaua ha ʻū tohi (faʻu mo e meʻa moʻoni ne hoko), ngaahi fakamatala, mo ha ngaahi ʻēsei kuo faʻu fekauʻaki mo Hupinā.

  2. People’s Court, Verdict, Document 52 ʻi he Blair R. Holmes and Alan F. Keele, eds. and trans., When Truth Was Treason: German Youth against Hitler: The Story of the Helmuth Hübener Group, 2nd ed. (Provo: Stratford Books, 2003), 219–20; District Court Hamburg, Arrest Warrant, Document 16 in Holmes and Keele, eds. and trans., When Truth Was Treason, 174–75; Rudolf Wobbe, Statement, Document 66 in Holmes and Keele, eds. and trans., When Truth Was Treason, 259–62; Wobbe and Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 74. Vakai foki ki he Tefito: Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II.

  3. Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 14; Richard Lloyd Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler: A Biography of Helmuth Hübener, German Teenage Resistance Leader, 2nd ed. (Provo: Academic Research Foundation, 2004), 1–2; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 20.

  4. Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 20; Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler, 5–6.

  5. Vakai, Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler; David Conley Nelson, Moroni and the Swastika: Mormons in Nazi Germany (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015), 99–104. Neongo ʻoku pehē ʻe Nalesoni naʻe ope atu e poupou ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he fakakaukau ʻa e pātí mei he “maluʻi peé,” ka naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha kau mamata tokolahi ha “kau taʻe-fie-kau” ne tupu mei he fakaʻamu ke maluʻi kinautolú, ko honau fāmilí, pea mo e Siasí mei he hū fakamālohi ʻa e puleʻangá, puke pōpulá, pe toe kovi ange ai. Hangē ko ʻení, vakai Otto Berndt, Statement, Document 65 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, ʻētitaʻí mo e liliu leá., When Truth Was Treason, 257.

  6. Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 28–32; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 22–24.

  7. Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler, 23–24, 27–28, 61, 71–73; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 15, 31–32, 39; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 16, 22.

  8. Wobbe, Statement, 259; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 25–27; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 34–39.

  9. Holmes mo Keele, eds., When Truth Was Treason, 336n8.

  10. Helmuth Hübener, “I’ve Calculated for Everything,” Document 42 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, eds. mo e trans., When Truth Was Treason, 208. Fakatatau ki he ngaahi pepa ʻo e fakaʻiló, naʻe maʻu ʻe he Kau Polisi Fakapulipulí ha ʻū pepa tufa iiki e 29, ʻo kau ai ha “pepa tufa iiki ange” ʻe 9 mo ha pepa tufa peesi kakato ʻe 20; vakai e lisi kakato mo e ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e ngaahi pepa tufá ni ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, eds. mo e trans., When Truth Was Treason, 191–93, 221–24.

  11. Chief State Counsel of the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court, Criminal Case against Hübener, Document 23 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, eds., mo e trans., When Truth Was Treason, 180–82. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi foki ʻa e hiá ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu kehé, ko e “mateuteu ki ha talisone fakatuʻutamaki”; vakai District Court Hamburg, Arrest Warrant, 174–75; Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 66–67. Ko e “Gestapo” ko ha fakanounou ia ki he Geheime Staatspolizei (“Polisi Fakapulipuli ʻo e Koló”).

  12. Wobbe mo Borrowman, Before the Blood Tribunal, 69–76; Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 51–54.

  13. People’s Court, Verdict, 219–31; Attorney General’s Office of the People’s Court, Report of Execution, 27 Oct. 1942, Document 62 ʻi he Holmes mo Keele, eds. mo e trans., When Truth Was Treason, 241–42.

  14. Berndt, Statement, 258–59. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ʻOto Pēnati ʻo pehē: “Naʻe fai ʻeni ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha toe ngaahi faingataʻa lahi ange mo e paati [Nasí]. Ko e Kāingalotu naʻa nau tui ki he ngaahi sīpinga lelei ʻo e Siamane Foʻoú … ne nau fai e meʻá ni koeʻuhí he naʻa nau tui ko e meʻa lelei taha ia ki he Siasí mo e fonuá. Kuo fakahā mai ʻa e fakatomalá mo e fakamolemolé ʻe kinautolu kotoa pē ne hohaʻa hili ʻa e taú” (Berndt, Statement, 258–59). Vakai foki Dewey, Hübener vs. Hitler, 174.

  15. Vakai, https://helmuthhuebener.de; Helmuth Hübener Exhibition, “Memorial in Hamburg in Remembrance of Nazi Crimes,” https://gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de/en/memorials/show/helmuth-huebener-exhibition; Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, “Helmuth Hübener,” https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/biographies/index_of_persons/biographie/view-bio/helmuth-huebener; Brigitte Oleschinski, Plötzensee Memorial Center (Berlin: German Resistance Memorial, 2002), 31.

  16. Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, ix; “Schule der Berliner Jugendstrafanstalt wird Helmuth-Hübener-Schule,” https://presse-de.kirchejesuchristi.org/artikel/schule-der-berliner-jugendstrafanstalt-wird-helmuth-huebener-schule.

  17. Schnibbe, Keele, mo Tobler, The Price, 58.