Tau Fakapolitikalé

ʻI he kongaloto ʻo e senituli 20, naʻe veuki ʻe he fakaʻauha ko ia naʻe hoko ʻi he Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu mo e mafai fakapolitikale ʻo e ngaahi fonua ʻi he māmaní. Naʻe meimei ke mate ha peseti ʻe 10 ki he 20 ʻo e kakai fakakātoa ʻo Pōlani, Sovieti ʻIunioní, mo ʻIukosilāvia ʻi he taú; naʻe mate foki mo ha peseti ʻe 4 ki he 6 ʻo e kakai fakakātoa ʻo Siamane, ʻĪtali, ʻAositulia, Hungali, Siapani, mo Siainá. Naʻe hoko e ngaahi fuʻu mole lahí ke vaivai ai e ngaahi puleʻangá ke toe fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou mo fakahohaʻasi kimuʻa pea toki lava ha fakaakeake taimi lōloa mei he taú. ʻI he kamata ke hiki e ngaahi mafai fakavahaʻapuleʻangá ki ha ngaahi faʻahi foʻoú, naʻe kamata leva ha vā fakapolitikale taimi lōloa ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Sovieti ʻIunioní, ʻIunaiteti Siteití, mo hona ongo faʻahí ʻo aʻu ki he fakaʻosinga ʻo e senitulí pea naʻe angamaheni ke ʻiloa ia ko e “Tau Fakapolitikalé.” Naʻe faʻa toutou hā ʻa e fepakipaki ko ʻení ʻi he fakafaʻafaʻahi ʻi he ngaahi taú, fevākoviʻaki he fefakatauʻakí, mo e vā fakatipilomētika faingataʻá, ʻa ia ne tākiekina ai e tūkunga fakapolitikale ʻo ha konga lahi ʻo e māmaní ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e senitulí.

Naʻe hoko e tauʻatāina ʻa e ngaahi vāhenga ne kolonia ʻe he ngaahi vahefonua ʻo ʻIulopé ke fakaʻilongaʻi ai ha meʻa matuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻi he Tau Fakapolitikalé. ʻI he kamata ke ʻasi hake ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga kuo fakatauʻatāinaʻí, tautefito ki ʻAfilika, ʻĒsia, pea mo e Hahake Lotolotó, naʻe feʻauʻauhi leva ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e Sovieti ʻIunioní ki ha mafai pea naʻa nau vakai ki he tauʻatāina mei he koloniá ko ha faingamālie ia ke fakalahi ai ʻenau taumuʻá—ʻa e komiunisi ʻa e Sovieti ʻIunioní pea mo e māketi tauʻatāina fakatupu paʻanga ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe vave e fakalalahi ʻa e ngaahi fakakikihi hangatonu fekauʻaki mo e faʻahinga puleʻanga te ne fetongi ʻa e kolonia kimuʻá, pea naʻe faʻa hoko ai ha ngaahi nunuʻa kovi ʻaupito. Naʻe matuʻaki tōtuʻa ʻa e Tau ʻi Kōleá (1950–1953) pea mo e Tau ʻi Vietinamí (1955–1975), ʻo ne fakatupu ai ha fuʻu fetōkehekeheʻaki fakavahaʻapuleʻanga lahi pea fakafaʻafaʻahi leva ha ngaahi puleʻanga kehekehe ki he ongo fonua mālohí. Naʻe hoko e fakapaʻanga ʻe he ongo fonua mālohí ʻa e ngaahi faʻahi poupoú ke nau fepakipaki pe kau ki he taú ke hoko ai ha vāvākovi lahi ʻi he ngaahi malaʻe taú. Naʻe hanga ʻe ha fekeʻikeʻi lahi fakaʻātomi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e Sovieti ʻIunioní ʻi he 1962, naʻe faʻa ui ko e Fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he Pomu Kiupá (Cuban Missile Crisis), ʻo fakangata ʻa e fekeʻikeʻí ʻi he hili ia ha fuʻu alēlea lahi mo e fakataha fakatipilomētika fakavavevave ʻa e ngaahi faʻahi fakavahaʻapuleʻangá.

Neongo naʻe ʻikai ke fehangahangai hangatonu ʻa e kau tau ʻa e Sovieti ʻIunioní pea mo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ka naʻe ʻilolahia ʻa e feʻauʻauhi ʻa e ongo fuʻu puleʻanga mālohí ni ʻi he ngaahi feʻauhi sipoti hangē ko e ʻOlimipikí pea mo e feʻauhi pe ko hai ʻe fuofua tūʻuta ʻi he māhiná.

Naʻe hanga ʻe ha ngaahi feliliuaki hokohoko lolotonga ʻa e 1980 tupú ʻo veuki ʻa e ngaahi fekeʻikeʻi ʻi he Tau Fakapolitikalé. Naʻe fakalahi ʻe he kau taki fakapuleʻanga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻenau ngaahi fetuʻutaki fakatipilomētiká, fakanaunau ʻo e meʻataú, mo ʻenau mālohi fakaʻekonōmiká, ʻi he mahino ʻe hōloa ʻa e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻa e Sovieti ʻIunioní. Naʻe lahi ha ngaahi liliu ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻalu hake ai ʻa Mikeli Kopasevi ʻo hoko ko e taki ʻo e Sovietí, hangē ko e glasnost (“ʻata ki tuʻa”) mo e perestroika (“toe fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou”). Naʻe ʻomi ʻe he ngaahi liliú ni, fakataha mo hono fakangata ʻo e kau ʻa e Sovietí ki ʻAfikanisitani ʻi he 1989 pea mo e taʻe-loto ʻa Kopasevi ke toe ʻave ha tokoni fakakautau ki he ngaahi puleʻanga ʻi ʻIulope Hahaké, pea naʻe fakamahino ai ʻa e movetevete ʻa e ngaahi faʻunga ʻo e Tau Fakapolitikalé. Naʻe hoko atu pē ʻa e ngaahi vāvākovi fakapolitikalé, ka ko e ngaahi fakangatangata kimuʻa ki he fefolauʻakí, fefakatauʻakí, fengāueʻakí, pea aʻu ki he ngaahi kauʻāfonuá—ʻo hangē ko e Fuʻu ʻĀ ʻo Pealiní naʻá ne fakamavahevaheʻi ʻa Siamane Hahake mei he Hihifó—naʻe movete ia.

Naʻe hanga ʻe he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakavahaʻapuleʻanga lolotonga e Tau Fakapolitikalé, ʻo fakangatangata ʻa e lava ke hū ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí, kau faifekaú, mo e kāingalotú ki ha ngaahi puleʻanga mo ha ngaahi vahefonua pau. Naʻe hanga ʻe he vākovi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ʻIulope hihifo, Kōlea, mo Vietinamí ʻo ʻai ke siʻisiʻi ange ai ha ngaahi faingamālie ki hano fokotuʻu ʻo e Siasí. Ka ʻi he uhouhonga ʻo e ngaahi pole ko ʻení, naʻe tokolahi ha kau mēmipa fakafoʻituitui mo ha ngaahi fāmili ʻi he ngaahi vahefonua ko ʻení naʻa nau tauhi mālohi pē ha fanga kiʻi kolo ʻo e Siasí. ʻI he taimi tatau, naʻe aʻusia ʻe he Siasí fakaemāmani lahi ʻa e tupulaki vave taha ʻi he hisitōliá pea naʻe tupulaki ia ki ha komiunitī fakavahaʻapuleʻanga.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II, Fakaemāmani Lahi, ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni, Tōmasi S. Monisoni